Integrating Native Pollinators into Wildlife Conservation Practices

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Photo: Nancy Adamson Integrating Native Pollinators into Wildlife Conservation Practices This program was prepared by Nancy Lee Adamson (Xerces Society), many other Xerces Society staff, & Carol Heiser (VA Department of Game & Inland Fisheries), for Virginia Master Naturalists promoting meadow establishment for pollinator & upland game conservation, with input & support from Virginia Department of Game & Inland Fisheries biologists & the USDA-NRCS East National Technology Support Center.

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This program was prepared by Nancy Lee Adamson (Xerces Society), many other Xerces Society staff, & Carol Heiser (VA Department of Game & Inland Fisheries), for Virginia Master Naturalists promoting meadow establishment for pollinator & upland game conservation, with input & support from Virginia Department of Game & Inland Fisheries biologists & the USDA-NRCS East National Technology Support Center. Notes to accompany the slides are available in a separate Word file.

Transcript of Integrating Native Pollinators into Wildlife Conservation Practices

1. Integrating Native Pollinators into Wildlife ConservationPractices This program was prepared by Nancy Lee Adamson (XercesSociety), many other Xerces Society staff, & Carol Heiser (VADepartment of Game & Inland Fisheries), for Virginia MasterNaturalists promoting meadow establishment for pollinator &upland game conservation, with input & support from VirginiaDepartment of Game & Inland Fisheries biologists & theUSDA-NRCS East National Technology Support Center.Photo: NancyAdamson
2. Presentation Outline Importance of pollinators & otherinsects Nesting habits affecting habitat needs Quail habitat needsProtection from pesticides Native meadow habitat establishmentAdditional resources American bumble bee, Bombus pensylvanicus, onblack locust Photo: Nancy Adamson
3. The Importance of Pollinators and Other Insects Photo: NancyAdamson
4. Economic Value of Insects Contribute $22 billion to Wildnatural enemies protect recreation industry as more than $4.5billion in crop food for wildlife production in the U.S. Nativepollinators Clean up grazing lands, saving contribute at least $3ranchers more than $380 billion in pollination million & helpretain nutrientsLosey & Vaughan. 2006. The Economic Value ofEcological Services Provided byInsects. Bioscience 56 (4). Photos:VADGIF, Piotr Naskrecki, Edward Ross, USDA-NRCS
5. Pollination and Human Nutrition Food that depends on insectpollination 35% of crop production, worldwide Over $18 to $27billion value of crops in U.S. ($217 billion worldwide) One inthree mouthfuls of food and drink we consumeMorse RA, Calderone NW.2000. The value of honey bees as pollinators of U.S. crops in 2000.Bee Culture 128: 115.Klein et al. 2007. Importance of pollinatorsin changing landscapes for world crops. Proc. R. Soc. B 274:303-313. Photo: USDA-ARS/Peggy Greb
6. Insect Pollinators Are Ecological Keystones More than 85% offlowering plants require an animal, mostly insects, to movepollen.Ollerton, J., R. Winfree, and S. Tarrant. 2011. How manyflowering plants are pollinated by animals?Oikos 120: 321-326. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18644.x.Potts, S.G., J.C. Biesmeijer, C.Kremen, P. Neumann, O. Schweiger, and W. E. Kunin. 2010.Globalpollinator delines: trends, impacts and drivers. Trends inEcology and Evoluntion. 25(6): 345-353. Photo: Eric Mader
7. Bugs Drive the SystemBenefits to OtherWildlife:Pollinator-produced fruits and seeds Pollinators are food for otherwildlife Pollinator habitat Photo: Nancy Adamson supports otherinsects that are food for Photo: Nancy Adamson songbirds &other wildlife Mace Vaughan Sierra Vision Stock Photo: NancyAdamson
8. Multiple Benefits of Pollinator HabitatFruits and seeds area majorpart of the diet of many insects,about 25% of birds, andmanymammals Photos: Marie Reed, USDA ARS
9. Multiple Benefits of Pollinator HabitatPollinators and otherinsects are food for wildlife, including 89% of birds
10. Multiple Benefits of Pollinator HabitatConservationBiological ControlFlowering plants that support pollinatorsalsosupport predatory and parasitic insects Soldier beetle Syrphid flydrinking raspberry nectar Parasitoid wasp Ladybird beetle Photos:Mace Vaughan, Paul Jepson, Mario Ambrosino
11. Main Groups of Pollinators Photos: James Cane; Jeff Adams;Dana Ross; Bruce Newhouse Photos: Mace Vaughan, Bob Hammond, DavidInouye, Bruce Newhouse
12. Bees: The Most Important PollinatorsBees are the mostagriculturally important pollinators Bees actively collect andtransport pollen Bees exhibit flower constancy Bees regularlyforage in area around nest mining bee, Andrena sp., on apple Photo:Nancy Adamson
13. Honey Bees (Non-Native): Colony Collapse DisorderAnnuallossesPre-CCD (1995-2006): 15% - 22% per yearPost-CCD (2006-today):29% - 36% per year honey bee to peach Photo: Nancy Adamson
14. Some Bumble Bees in Decline Franklins Yellowbanded Likelydue to introduced disease: Four sister species of bumble bees indecline Peter Schroeder Leif Richardson Western Rusty patchedEvans,E.,R. Thorp, S. Jepsen, and S.Hoffman Black, 2009. Status Review ofThreeFormerly Common Species of Bumble Bee inthe Subgenus Bombus.Xerces Society.Cameron et al. 2011. Patterns of widespreaddeclinein North American bumble bees.PNAS.Colla and Packer. 2008. Evidencefor declinein Eastern North American bumble bees(Hymenoptera:Apidae), with special focus onBombus affinis Cresson. BiodiversConserv. Pat Michaels Jen Knutson
15. Bumble Bee Citizen Monitoring Project Jen KnutsonTherusty-patched bumble bee has declined dramatically from itshistoric rangeXerces citizen monitors contributed 12 confirmedrecords of this species, includingrecords at the edges of its rangein Minnesota and Massachusetts
16. Bumble Bee Citizen Monitoring Project Leif RichardsonTheyellow banded bumble bee has declined from many parts of itshistoric range inthe past decadeXerces citizen monitors havecontributed 7 confirmed records of this species
17. Pollination and Crop Security As bees decline, crop acreagerequiring bee pollination grows From 1961 to 2006, the percent ofglobal cropland requiring bee pollination rose 300% in totalacreage (world population grew from 3 to 7 billion) Providinghabitat grows ever more important!Aizen, M. A. and L. D. Harder.2009. The global stock of domesticated honey bees isgrowing slowerthan agricultural demand for pollination. Current Biology19(11):915-918. Photo: Nancy Adamson
18. The Economic Value of Native Bees Hundreds of species ofnative bees contribute significantly to crop pollination. $3billion/year (conservatively)Losey, J. and M. Vaughan. 2006. TheEconomic Value of EcologicalServices Provided by Insects.Bioscience 56 (4). Photos: USDA-ARS/Scott Bauer & EdwardMcCain
19. Native Bee Diversity in Agriculture bumble bee onblueberryDiverse native bees pollinating crops: 100+ species visitapples in GA, NY and PA 100+ species visit blueberry in Michigan100+ species visit WI cranberries 80+ species visit berry crops inNew England 60+ species visit CA tomato, sunflower, or watermelonPhoto: Nancy Adamson
20. Benefits of Native Bees in CropsNative bees are veryefficient: Active earlier & later in the day Collect bothpollen & nectar Buzz pollinate mining bee on blueberry Photo:Nancy Adamson
21. Native Bee Crop Specialists Squash Bees Ground-nestingdirectly at the base of squash plants Active in early morning hours(before sunrise) Pollinate flowers before honey bees beginforaging1 67% of 87 sites studied across the U.S. had allpollination needs met by squash bees21. Tepedino, V. J. 1981. Thepollination efficiency of the squash bee (Peponapis pruinosa) andthe honey bee (Apis mellifera) on summer squash (Cucurbita pepo).Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 54:359-377. Photo: EricMader2. Jim Cane (USDA ARS Logan Bee Lab). 2011. Personalcommunication Photo: Nancy Adamson
22. Buzz Pollination by Native Bees Example: Cherry tomatoesWhen native bees were present, Sungold cherry tomato productionalmost tripled. Buzz pollination video online athttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMvQSx242 9U&feature=plcpPhotos: Nancy Adamson Greenleaf, S. S.,and C. Kremen. 2006. Wildbee species increase tomato production and respond differently tosurrounding land use in Northern California. BiologicalConservation 133:81-87.Photo: Anne Berblinger
23. Native Bee Diversity in North America4,000 species ofnative bees;~700 in the east in 66 genera. sweat bee on bluevervain, Verbena hastata Photo: Nancy Adamson
24. Lepidoptera Diversity in North AmericaAbout 700 species ofbutterflies & 13,000 species of mothslong-tailedskipperEpargyreus clarus Photo: Jolie Goldenetz Dollar
25. Best Way to Support PollinatorsProvide habitat Nativeplants for pollen, nectar, and nesting Shelter for nests &protection from pesticides southeastern blueberry bee Habropodalaboriosa on redbud Photo: Nancy Adamson
26. 3 Broad Groups (Different Nesting Habits)ground-nestingbees (solitary) bumble bees (social) polyester bee, Colletesinaequlis orchard mason bee, Osmia lignariawood-nesting bees(solitary) Bombus impatiens Photos: Elaine Evans, Steve Javorek,Eric Mader
27. Life Cycle of a Bumble Bee Colony Winter: Hibernating queenFall: Mated queens seek overwintering sites Spring: Nestestablishment and egg layingFall: Newqueensleave thenestandmateFall: Old queen dies Summer: Colony peak Illustration: DavidWysotski
28. Bumble Bees, Bombus spp. Social colonies founded by singlequeen Annual colonies--last only one season Nests have ~100-400workers Nest in abandoned rodent burrows or under lodged grassesConserve brush piles, unmown areasBombus impatiens Bombus vagans oncloveron scarlet runner bean Photos: Elaine Evans, Nancy Adamson,Eric Mader
29. Ground-Nesting Solitary BeesRoughly 70% of bee spp.nestunderground Resemble ant & ground beetle nests from above Mayaggregate nests (some nest communally, but forage alone) Nestchambers lined with waxy glandular secretions that resist floodingScout for nests, conserve sandy soil & bare ground mining beeAndrena barbara Photos: Jim Cane, Dennis Briggs, Nancy Adamson
30. Lifecycle of Solitary BeesMining bee (Andrena sp.); ayearin its underground nest as egg,larva, and pupa before emergingtospend a few weeks as an adult. Photos: Dennis Briggs
31. Cavity or Tunnel Nesting Solitary Bees Roughly 30% ofnative species nest in hollow plant stems, or old beetle borerholes Nest tunnel partitions constructed of mud, leaf pieces, orsawdust Artificially managed for some crops Edward Ross Conservesnags, brush piles & pithy- stemmed plants. Leave dead plantmaterial over winter.Photo: Matthew Shepherd Photo: NancyAdamson
32. Tunnel Nesting Bees Hollow stem example: Cross-section ofsilk cocoonsPollen mass Egg Mud wall Larva Pupa Adult Silk cocoonswith dormant bees inside Mud cap closure
33. Lepidoptera Food Needs Host Plants Nectar PlantsMonarchcaterpillar and adult Mace Vaughan (Xerces Society) milkweed,Asclepias tuberosa Jolie Goldenetz Dollar
34. Lepidoptera Overwintering Strategies Each species has itsown strategy to overwinter as an egg, caterpillar, chrysalis, oradult (migrant).Examples: caterpillars hibernate in rolledleaves onground, in soil at base of hostplant, under loose tree barkcommonbuckeye butterfly caterpillar, Junonia coenia Jolie GoldenetzDollar
35. Upland Bird Habitat Needs Warm season native bunch grassesand wildflowers provide food and shelter directly and by supportingdiverse insects (great sources of protein) Avoid disturbance duringnesting season! Photo: Nancy Adamson
36. Virginias Quail Initiative Photo: VADGIF
37. Meadows are beneficial to quail and other earlysuccessionalspecies Photo: VADGIF
38. Meadows are beneficial to quail and other earlysuccessionalspecies Photo: VADGIF
39. Quail Need 3 Main Habitat TypesNESTING COVERNative grasses,forbs and legumes30% of thelandscapeWOODY COVER (coveyheadquarters)Woody thickets of low-growing trees and shrubs15%to25% of the landscapeBROOD HABITATNative grasses, forbs andlegumes40% to 60% ofthe landscape Photos: VADGIF
40. All 3 habitat components as close as possibleWoody Grain,Forbs, GrassesForbs, Legumes &Grasses Photo: VADGIF
41. Nesting Cover Ideal Nesting Cover Herbaceous coverconsisting of bunch grasses with forbs and low growing shrubbycover with the last years grass growth available (at least 12 tall)Little blue, side oats, broomsedge, timothy with alfalfa,lespedeza, ragweed, native forbs About 30% of the area Near broodcover! Photo: VADGIF
42. A clump of grass per 100 ft2 is adequate nesting coverPhoto: VADGIF
43. Nest site in previous years disked fire line Photo:VADGIF
44. Woody CoverCovey Headquarters Consists of woody shrubs,low-growing trees, down tree structures, feathered edge. Groundcover within headquarters must be sparse. 50 ft. X 30 ft. at aminimum 1,500 sq. ft. Photos: VADGIF
45. Feathered Edge Photo: VADGIF
46. Feathered Edge Photo: VADGIF
47. REST BURNED Photo: VADGIF
48. Shrubby CoverREST BURNED Photo: VADGIF
49. Shrubby CoverPhoto: VADGIF
50. Good shrubby cover can be rendered almost useless ifsod-forming grasses are abundant underneath.Photo: VADGIF
51. Brood HabitatIdeal Brood Habitat Plant community (at least40% of the area) made up of forbs,legumes, and weeds. Must containbare ground (25-50% exposed soil) underneath afoliage canopy.Broodhabitat will contain insects which are the most important food itemfor nestinghens and chicks. Photo: VADGIF
52. Native grasses and forbs provide space between theplantsfor young quail to seek insects Photos: VADGIF
53. Fescue field borderbetween woody coverFescue isThe GreatQuail Barrier Photo: VADGIF
54. Native grass/forbs/legumes: Nesting & Brood CoverPhoto: VADGIF
55. Native grass/forbs/legumes: Nesting & Brood Cover WoodyHeadquarters Photo: VADGIF
56. All components as close as possibleNativegrass/forbs/legumes: Nesting & Brood Cover Woody HeadquartersPhoto: VADGIF
57. For All Wildlife, Diverse Habitat is Best Crop pollinationby wild bees and natural enemy activity is greater in landscapeswith diverse habitats (Forehand et al. 2006, Winfree et al. 2008,Bianchi et al. 2011)Bianchi, F. J. J. A., C. J. H. Booij, and T.Tscharntke. 2011. Sustainable pest regulation in agriculturallandscapes: a reviewon landscape composition, biodiversity andnatural pest control. Proc. R. Soc. B 273: 1715-1727.Forehand, L.M., D. B. Orr, and H. M. Linker. 2006. Insect communitiesassociated with beneficial inset habitat plants inNorth Carolina.Environmental Entomology 35 (6): 1541-1549.Winfree, R., N. M.Williams, H. Gaines, J. S. Ascher, C. Kremen. 2008. Wild beepollinators provide the majority of cropvisitation across land-usegradients in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, USA. J. Applied Ecology45(3): 793-802. Photo: Jennifer Hopwood
58. Pollen and Nectar Through the Growing SeasonAssess whatalready blooms on site through the season Photos: Elaine Haug NRCS,Matthew Shepherd; Mace Vaughan, Eric Mader, Jeff McMillan NRCS,Berry Botanic Garden
59. Bloom Time Succession Include at least 3 species in bloomfor each season (spring, summer, & fall) Supplement times thathave fewer blooms Photo: Eric Mader
60. Distance Matters Small bees may fly less than 500 ft.,bumble bees up to 1 mile Birds stay as close to the nest aspossible when rearing young Photo: Toby Alexander (VT NRCS)
61. Floral Diversity Insect diversity increases with plantdiversityCarvell, C., W. R. Meek, R. F. Pywell, D. Goulson and M.Nowakowski. 2007. Comparing the efficacy of agri-environmentschemesto enhance bumble bee abundance and diversity on arable fieldmargins. J of Applied Ecology 44: 29-40.Potts, S. G., B. Vulliamy,A. Dafni, G. Neeman, and P. G. Willmer. 2003. Linking bees andflowers: how do floralcommunities structure pollinator communities?Ecology 84:2628-2642.Tscharntke, T. A., A. Gathmann, and I.Steffan-Dewenter. 1998. Bioindication using trap-nesting bees andwasps and theirnatural enemies and interactions. J of AppliedEcology 35:708-719. Photo: Eric Mader
62. Native Plants Support Greater Diversity Locally nativeplants support more abundant and species-rich insect communitiesNative plants benefit diverse wildlife bumble bee Bombussp.Tallamy, D. 2007. Bringing Nature Home. Timber Press: Portland,OR. sweat beeWilliams et al. 2011. Bees in disturbed habitats use,but do not prefer, alienplants. Basic and Applied Ecology.doi:10.1016/j.baae.2010.11.008 Agapostemon sp. Photo: NancyAdamson
63. Shelter for Bumble BeesConserve undisturbed or unmowedareas;protect possible overwintering sites for queens Cavities suchas old rodent holes Under brush piles & overgrown areas Underbunch grassesExcellent habitat for groundnesting birds! Artificialnests ineffective little bluestem (but mouse pee helps!) Photos:Mace Vaughan, Matthew Shepherd, Bonnie Carruthers, NancyAdamson
64. Shelter for Cavity-Nesting BeesStumps, brush piles, plantswith pithy stems(elderberry, blackberry, sumac)Excellent birdhabitat (for nesting & food)!Another ecology story: Many beesdependon wood-boring beetles for habitat! blackberry Photos: DonKeirstead, Nancy Adamson
65. Shelter for Ground-Nesting Solitary BeesRetain or createbare soil:Access to bare, sandy soil Keep areas of bare groundAreaswithout deep mulch,landscape fabric, or plastic Maximize untilledareas Clear away some plants from well drained slopes Experimentwith no-till farming techniques Plant native bunch grasses Photos:Mace Vaughan Photo: Mace Vaughan (Xerces Society)
66. Protect Ground-Nesting Bees: Avoid DeepTilling Reducetillage No-till farms hosted three times more native squash beesthan did conventional farmsShuler, et al. 2005. Farming PracticesInfluence Wild Pollinator Populationson Squash and Pumpkin. Journalof Economic Entomology. 98(3):790-795 Photos: USDA-NRCS, BobHammond, CO Coop Ext
67. Protection from Pesticides Benefits All Wildlife Photo:Regina Hirsch
68. Avoid Pesticide PoisoningPesticides cause significantdamageto beneficial insectpopulations Use active ingredients with leastimpact on bees Consider formulation Label guidelines only apply tohoney bees Dont spray on plants in bloom Spray at night and whendry
69. Organic-Approved Safe Organic-approved pesticides not safe:Rotenone = Dangerous for bees! Pyrethrins = Dangerous for bees!Spinosad = Dangerous for bees! Beauveria bassiana = Dangerous! Okaywhen not directly applied to bees (i.e. non-blooming crops or atnight): Insecticidal soap Horticultural oil NeemPhoto: NRCS/TobyAlexander
70. EstablishingNative Meadow Habitat male sweat bees, Halictusligatus, on wingstem, Verbesina Photo: Nancy Adamson
71. Establishing New Habitat: Keys to SuccessThe 6 CriticalElements:1. Remove ALL perennial weeds prior to planting2. Do notdisturb dormant weed seed3. Make a clean seed bed/planting area4.Use appropriate planting technology for the site5. Plant perennialseed in the fall6. Manage annual and biennial weeds for two yearsafter planting Photo: Paul Jepson, OSU IPPC
72. Seeding: Remove ALL Perennial WeedsConventional Farms:Organic Farms: Mow site and follow with Shallow cultivationfollowed glyphosate (Roundup) fallow with a smother crop (at leastfor a full growing season 1 year) Buckwheat Use Roundup Ready Sudangrass soybeans Combo cover and herbicide Solarization (clearplastic): At least 1 year Horticultural vinegar (expensive) Flameweeding Photo: Matthew Shepherd
73. Solarization (A Full Year is Best!) UV stabilized plasticMow closely pre-install Install following rain or water just priorto install Dig in edges Stabilize as needed Care in keeping tearfree and/or repairing quickly Photo: Nancy Adamson
74. Create a Clean Seed BedSeed Bed Preparation: Burn or rakeoff debris, or very light disk or harrow to smooth surface (shouldbe firm, not fluffy) Do not to bring more weed seeds to thesurface! Photos: Jessa Guisse Not ready for planting! Ready forplanting! Photos: Don Keirstead Photos: Don Keirstead
75. Appropriate Planting TechnologyNative Seed Drills: Multipleseed sizes Plant directly in stubble (no till) Tye, Truax, GreatPlains(common manufacturers)Brillion Drop Seeders: Made for sowingturf andpasture grasses, also alfalfa andclover Works with nativeseed (changeseed box agitators) Requires smooth, cultivatedseed bed(not like this photo!) Photos: Jessa Guisse
76. Seeding: Appropriate Technology Hand Seeding/BroadcastersMix seed with sand for even distribution Requires clean, exposedseed bed Seed on soil surface Do not bury the seed Photo: NancyAdamson Photo: Don KeirsteadPhoto: Nancy Adamson Photo: JessaGuisse Photo: Matthew Shepherd
77. Appropriate Planting TechnologyTransplants: Supplementalirrigation Animal guards Mechanical transplanters Tree plantersVegetable transplanters Photos: Mace Vaughan, Matthew Shepherd
78. Seeding: Post PlantingPost Seeding: Roll with cultipacker,lawn roller Mow perennial seeded areas during the first year(before annual weeds produce seed) Photos: Mace Vaughan, JessaGuisse
79. Establishing New Habitat: Post-PlantingPost Seeding: Mowperennial seeded areas first and second year,before annual andbiennial weeds produce seedWhen planting is ~10-12, mow to 6-8 (asoften as needed) to letlight reach new seedlings w/o smotheringPhotos: Nancy Adamson
80. The Finished Product!New Hampshire Blueberry FarmPost-Planting: 2011 Photos: Don Keirstead, NH NRCS
81. Managing Established Pollinator Habitat Post-planting WeedControl: Mowing and spot-weeding Maintaining Early SuccessionalHabitat: Rotational mowing, burning*, grazing, brush cutting (nomore than 1/3 per year) Other: Mulching shrubs, deer fencing, volecages *Burning is generally best Photos: Nancy Adamson
82. Long-Term Habitat Management: Limit Disturbance Mowing,grazing, burning, disking are best at infrequent intervalsDisturbance to no more than 1/3 of habitat area each year Timemanagement for when most effective against target, or duringdormant season Early successional habitat is ideal; too muchdisturbance favors grasses over forbs Photos: USDA-ARS, AudubonCalifornia
83. Manage warm season grasseswith prescribed burning Photos:VADGIF
84. Benefits of Prescribed Fire Reduces THATCH between thegrass clumps Increases nutritional value of vegetation Promotes thegrowth of beneficial forbs Controls woody competition Photos:VADGIF
85. Forb + Grass vs Grass Only Plantings Photo: NancyAdamson
86. Forb vs Grass Plantings Forb seeds/pound vary tremendouslyButterfly millkweed: 70,000 seeds/lb Rough goldenrod: 750,000seeds/lb Cardinal flower: 8,000,000 seeds/lb Target seeding rateshould be in seeds per square foot Order pure live seed (PLS)whenever possible Avoid pre-emergent herbicides used for grasslandplantings Photo: Nancy Adamson
87. Seed Calculator Example Use an Excel spreadsheet tocalculate seeds/sq ft; To keep costs lower and ensure enough seedsfor successful planting NRCS, Xerces Society, & seed companiescan provide calculators (spreadsheets) like the one shown here
88. Seeding Rates to Help Keep Costs ReasonableFor forb+grass,target seeding rate Drill seeding: 25-35 seeds/sq ft Broadcast:40-60 seeds/sq ft Photos: Don Keirstead (NH NRCS)
89. Riparian Restoration Restored riparian habitats supportdiverse communities of native bees and other wildlifeWilliams, N.2011 Restoration Ecology 19:4, pg. 450459. Photo: JenniferHopwood
90. Invasive Plant Removal Invasive plant species candrastically alter pollinator communities Removal of invasive plantscan increase insect diversityFiedler, A., D. Landis, M. Arduser.2011. Rapid Shift in Pollinator Communities Following InvasiveSpecies Removal. Restoration Ecology online.Hanula, J. and S.Horn.2011. Removing an invasive shrub (Chinese privet) increases nativebee diversity and abundance in riparian forests of the southeasternU.S.Insect Conservation and Diversity 4: 275283
91. Gardens & Parks Gardens can be valuable habitat forbumble bees, birds, small mammals, & reptiles In agriculturallands, gardens are the most important habitat for bumble beenestsHagen et al. 2011. PLoS One 6 (5) e19997.Goulson et al. 2010.Journal of Applied Ecology 47: 12071215. Photo: Nancy Adamson
92. 2008 Farm Bill Pollinator Habitat Provisions Makespollinators a priority for all USDA land managers &conservationists Encourages inclusion of pollinators in all USDAconservation programs (this basically means adding diversity toplant mixes) Photo: Nancy Adamson
93. Farms: Soil, Water, & WildlifeFarm Bill supportforpollinator habitat benefits Pollinator HedgerowwildlifegenerallyVA NRCS:http://www.va.nrcs.usda.gov/Cost-Share practicesforpollinators & other wildlife Tree/Shrub Establishment CoverCrop Conservation Cover Hedgerow Planting Field Border Restorationand Management of Conservation Rare or Declining Habitats RangePlanting Cover Upland Wildlife Habitat Management Pest ManagementField Border Early Successional Habitat Development/Management
94. Contact NRCS and SWCD Your Local USDA Natural ResourcesConservation Service (NRCS) Office and Soil and Water ConservationDistrict: Information about Farm Bill programs New state pollinatortechnology notes Revised EQIP/WHIP standards for habitat plantingsFarming for Pollinators brochure Organic conversionassistancePhoto: USDA-ARS
95. USDA NRCS: Tree & Shrub Establishment/HedgerowPlantflowering shrubs that bloom in succession. Design for multiplebenefits, such as wildlife, IPM, visual screen, aesthetics, anderosion control. Photo: Katharina Ullmann (Xerces Society)
96. USDA NRCS: Conservation Cover Cover for erodible slopesPermanent vegetation on highly erodible sites MassachusettsCranberry Farm Photos: Plymouth County NRCS
97. USDA NRCS: Integrated Pest Management Protectingpollinators from pesticides Establishing habitat for otherbeneficial insectsPhotos: David Biddinger (Penn StateUniversity),Mace Vaughan (Xerces Society), and Elise Fog
98. USDA NRCS: Field BorderCan include a diverse mix of nativeand lower cost non-native plants ornative local ecotype materialsPhoto: Eric Mader
99. Roadside Habitat Multiple benefits of native pollinatorhabitat on roadsides. Provides habitat for pollinators andsongbirds Helps to lower maintenance costs Vegetation can act as asnow fence in winter Aesthetically pleasing, reduces driverfatiguePhoto: Kirk Henderson (Iowa IRVM)
100. Additional Resources bumble bee on silverbell Photo: NancyAdamson
101. Further Information: Native Plant DatabaseLady BirdJohnson Wildflower Center:http://www.wildflower.org/plants/ &http://wildflower.org/collections/
102. Further Information: Native Plant DatabaseLady BirdJohnson WildflowerCenter RecommendedSpecies:http://wildflower.org/collections/Special CollectionsButterflies and MothsValue to Beneficial Insects Special Value toNative Bees Special Value to Bumble Bees Special Value to HoneyBees Provide Nesting Materials/Structure for Native Bees Click onthose, then narrow to state, habit, light & soil conditions,etc.
103. Especially for Bumble BeesIn Conserving Bumble Bees:Guidelines forCreating and Managing Habitat for AmericasDecliningPollinators (new Xerces Societypublication)
104. Virginia Department of Game & Inland Fisherieshttp://www.dgif.virginia.gov/habitat/
105. Further Information: The Xerces Society Xerces Societypublications www.xerces.org
106. Further Information: Resource Center PollinatorConservation Resource CenterRegion-specific Information fromXerces,Cooperative Extension,USDA-NRCS, NGO, and othersources, including:Regional plant lists National plant lists Conservation guides Nestconstruction guides Links to identification guides Pesticideguidelines Native plant nursery directorywww.xerces.org/pollinator- resource-center
107. Further Information: PublicationsPublished in February2011Attracting Native Pollinators belongson the bookshelf ofeveryone whovalues the future of the naturalworld.- Douglas W.Tallamy, researcher and author ofBringing Nature Home Precise,elegant and thoughtful, therecommendations offered by theXercesSociety will become essentialto advancing a healthy and diversefoodproduction system.- Gary Nabhan, author of The ForgottenPollinatorsand Renewing Americas Food Traditionswww.xerces.org/store
108. Take Home MessageWildflower-rich habitatssupportbeneficial insects & other wildlifeEnsure Diverse forage& nesting sites Management for insect diversity www.xerces.orgbumble bee to blazing star (follow links to pollinator program)Photo: Nancy Adamson
109. Thank you! www.xerces.org(follow links to pollinatorprogram) mason bee Photo: Nancy Adamson on raspberry
110. The Xerces SocietyWith the support of its members, theSociety hasworked to protect wildlife through the conservationofinvertebrates and their habitat since 1971 . Xerces blue butterfly(Glaucopsyche xerces), the first U.S. butterfly to go extinct dueto human activities. Photos: California NRCS and Ed Ross
111. Questions? Comments? large carpenter beeon narrow-leavedmountain mint, Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Photo: Nancy Adamson

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Selecting Plants for Pollinators - Pollinator Partnership· 8 Selecting Plants for Pollinators Who are the pollinators? Bees Bees are well documented pollinators in the natural and

Native pollinators

Wildlife Habitat - bringbackbobwhites.org· birds, also providing habitat for beneficial predatory insects. Pollinators have been shown to select a greater number of native plants

Wild Pollinators

WILD POLLINATORS - Worcestershire Wildlife Trust We Do...· on wild pollinators alongside a guaranteed five year income from the ... Aerial photos will help with the surrounding

Protecting Pollinators

Attracting Pollinators to Your Garden Using Native Plantsweedwarriors.us/National Wildlife Federation - Certify...· 2017-05-15· Bees, butterflies, moths, hummingbirds, beetles,

Pollination and pollinators. Many types of pollinators.

Integrating Native Pollinators into Wildlife Conservation Practices - [PDF Document] (2024)

Education

Transcript of Integrating Native Pollinators into Wildlife Conservation Practices